Spreading Versus Composting Horse Manure. Which Method Is Best for Your Pasture

Horse manure is a farm's best friend. It is an excellent source of nutrients that can boost soil health and promote vibrant grass growth. But how should you use horse manure in your farm? Two main methods are popular: spreading and composting. Each method offers specific benefits and challenges. The choice that works best for you will depend on several factors, including your objectives, available space, and the time you can dedicate to this task. In this post, we will compare spreading and composting horse manure so you can make the best decision for your pasture.

Understanding Horse Manure

To make the most of horse manure it's important to recognize its nutritional profile. This organic material is high in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are essential for healthy plant growth. According to the University of Maryland Extension, horse manure typically contains about 0.7% nitrogen, 0.3% phosphorus, and 1.0% potassium, making it an excellent fertilizer.

Horse manure also contributes organic matter that enhances soil structure, boosts moisture retention, and fosters beneficial microbial activity. However, when using fresh horse manure, be aware that it can contain harmful pathogens and weed seeds. Proper handling and application are necessary to ensure your pastures benefits without negative effects.

Spreading Horse Manure

What is Spreading?

Spreading involves applying fresh horse manure directly onto the soil surface or mixing it in without composting it first. This method is generally quicker and easier than composting, making it appealing to many horse owners.

Advantages of Spreading

1. Immediate Nutrient Availability: Spreading fresh horse manure can provide your pastures with nitrogen and other essential nutrients right away. For instance, spreading 5-10 tons per acre can significantly boost soil fertility and lead to noticeable plant growth within weeks.

   
   

2. Time-Saving: Spreading manure takes less time than composting. With that quick application, you can rapidly enhance your garden's soil, especially if you are short on time before planting seasons.

   
   

3. Soil Improvement: Not only does fresh manure add nutrients, but it also improves soil structure, leading to better aeration and water retention.

   
   

Disadvantages of Spreading

1. Pathogen Risk: Fresh manure may harbor dangerous pathogens, posing health risks, especially when built up over and over without proper time to decompose. This can be detrimental to the overall health of pasture grasses as well as pathogens to be ingested by our beloved horses. With this in mind, 30 days is suggested timeline for horses to graze on these grasses.

   
   

2. Weed Seeds: Applying fresh manure can introduce weed seeds back into your pastures. A study by Colorado State University indicated that about 54% of horse manure samples contained viable weed seeds, which can become a nuisance.

   
   

3. Odor: Fresh manure has a strong smell, which can be unpleasant for you and your neighbors.

   
   
   
   

Composting Horse Manure

What is Composting?

Composting involves breaking down horse manure through microbial activity in a controlled environment. While this process can take three to six months to yield finished compost, the results will be nutrient-rich and safe to use in pastures.

Advantages of Composting

1. Pathogen Reduction: The heat generated during composting can eliminate harmful pathogens. Composting can effectively kill up to 99% of pathogens if the pile reaches adequate temperatures.

   
   

2. Nutrient Stability: Composting stabilizes nutrients, which means they are released to plants gradually over time. This slow-release effect is beneficial for sustaining long-term soil health.

   
   

3. Improved Soil Structure: Well-composted manure will enhance soil structure, allow for better nutrient absorption, and maintain moisture levels—vital for healthy root growth.

   
   

Comparing the Two Methods

Nutrient Availability

Spreading horse manure gives immediate nutrient access, while composting provides a slow and steady nutrient release. If your pasture needs a quick nitrogen boost, spreading is a viable option. For farm owners focusing on long-term health and stability, composting is the way to go.

Safety Considerations

Safety is key. Fresh manure presents health risks due to its pathogen content, while composting reduces these dangers. This makes composting the safer choice.

Time and Labor

For owners with constraints on time or physical ability, spreading horse manure is a more convenient choice. In contrast, composting demands more dedication to manage the pile, which might not work for everyone.

Best Practices for Each Method

Best Practices for Spreading

1. Age the Manure: Let the manure sit for a few weeks to minimize odors and pathogens.

   
   

2. Apply in the Fall: Spreading in the fall allows manure to break down and enrich soil for spring planting.

   
   

3. Use a Spreader: For large gardens, consider using a manure spreader for consistent application.

   
   

Best Practices for Composting

1. Create a Balanced Pile: Combine horse manure with carbon-rich materials like straw or leaves to achieve a balanced compost pile that decomposes effectively.

   
   

2. Monitor Moisture Levels: Keep the compost pile damp but not waterlogged to promote microbial activity.

   
   

3. Turn the Pile Regularly: Turn your compost every few weeks to keep it aerated and speed up the decomposition process.

   
   

When to Choose Each Method

When to Spread Horse Manure

• When you need nutrients quickly for immediate needs.

• When preparing soil for fall or spring planting.

• When you have limited time and prefer a swift application.

  
  

When to Compost Horse Manure

• When focusing on long-term soil health.

• When aiming to minimize pathogens and weed seeds.

• When you have the space and time to manage a compost pile.

  
  

Making the Right Choice for Your Garden

Spreading and composting horse manure each have distinct advantages and drawbacks. Your best method will be based on your unique goals, circumstances, and available resources. If immediate nutrient availability is your priority, spreading may be the right choice. Conversely, if you seek a safer and sustainable method for enhancing soil health, composting is the better option.

Understanding the characteristics of horse manure and how each method affects garden health will help you make an informed decision. Whether you choose to spread or compost, utilizing horse manure wisely can lead to a productive and healthy pasture.

A compost pile rich in nutrients for garden use

By thoughtfully assessing your options and implementing best practices, you can effectively harness the benefits of horse manure for a thriving pastureland.